“Moonwalking with Einstein”

June 21, 2012 in Cognitive Science, Memoirs, Pop Culture, Technology, »

I went through a whirlwind of books recently and one of them was the very fun Moonwalking with Einstein: The Art and Science of Remembering Everything by Joshua Foer. The book received a lot of positive attention when it came out, so it was on my must-read list for awhile.

Unfortunately, it also received a ton of negative reviews. Due to the sheer volume of complaints from people who were disappointed — and in some cases “furious” — I feel obligated to mention it as a disclaimer: This book is not a self help book on improving memory. It’s not a guide for doing amazing mental feats and although you can glean a fair amount of tips and advice from the content of the book, that isn’t its aim.

Moonwalking With Einstein‘s aim is an overview of the practice of memorisation, in history and as practiced today by “mental athletes.” There are two primary story lines within the book: one following the author from “regular guy” journalist to a participant in the US Memory Championships. The other path traces the history of humanity’s use of memory and the basic science behind it, albeit on a surface level. These two sections are interwoven with each other throughout the text, giving an interesting narrative strengthened with scientific and historical information. I found them to flow well together as I progressed through the book.

Foer’s personal journey begins as a journalist covering the US Memory Championships, where he has gone expecting to see some kind of rainman olympics. He discovers, however, that many of the attendees are not savants and, in fact, most believe that anyone can do these impressive tricks with a little bit of daily practice. His suspicions of this claim are what ultimately lead him to take a wager to begin his own training to find out the truth. We follow him as he interviews and investigates other athletes, and speaks with neuroscientists who study memory and memory advocates who see great potential in maintaining the art we are losing to ever-present technology. Throughout the book, he talks with a great deal of people who are famous in the obscure realm of super memory, and if this is a topic that has interested you before, you’ve probably heard of many of them.

As we journey with the author, we also learn about how humans have used memory in the past from ancient times to recent history. Foer discusses things like oral tradition in cultures, spoken poetry and storytelling, the role that memory has played in education, the lengths some people have gone to to store knowledge, and the thousands of current books that exist on this topic which reflect human’s infatuation with the topic.

The historical coverage is what I found to be most insightful. I knew, for example, that before written language was prevalent societies relied heavily on memory, not just to transmit culture but also for every day tasks. I didn’t know, however, that when the printed word was first becoming available to the common person, that books were initially viewed as “memory aides” – not as a place to store facts in order to forget them, but as a written guide to prod you to remember things you’d already studied.

I found Foer’s discussions with educators supporting memory development in students to be especially thought-provoking. Rote memorisation is often dismissed as a pale shadow to “real” learning, and I would have agreed with this. However, many people through out the book pointed out that we require a foundation of knowledge to build our own ideas and draw influence from, and that the broader that foundation, the more equipped we are to become creative or wise people. I thought that was an important consideration and it shifted my perspective a bit.

If one judges Moonwalking with Einstein based on the merits of what it is rather than what one wants it to be, I think the book is enjoyable and worth the read. You may not be capable of memorising decks of cards once you turn the final page, but you will have gained some insight into the function and amazing potential of memory.


On Amazon: Paperback | Kindle

“On the Warrior’s Path”

May 17, 2012 in Anthropology, Buddhism, Cultural Anthropology, Cultural Studies, History, Philosophy, Taoism, »

On the Warrior's Path

About seven or eight years ago, I crossed On the Warrior’s Path: Philosophy, Fighting, and Martial Arts Mythology by Daniele Bolelli in a bookstore and was surprised to recognise the author’s name as one of my professors from college.  Considering how fond I had been of him and his [completely different topic than the book] class, I immediately picked it up.  I absolutely loved the book, and have gone on to buy copies for several friends.  Since the second edition was released in recent years, I thought it deserved a re-read and a look here.

I always struggle with how to describe the book to people.  Calling it a “martial arts philosophy” book is probably the most accurate, but that label probably only appeals to a very tiny demographic, while this book is truly for everyone.  It is a philosophy book but it’s not the kind of airy, mental masturbation that the genre can lend itself to, and the philosophy can be extrapolated to so much more than just the martials arts.   I suppose one could even call it a “self improvement” book, but that description makes me want to stick my head in a blender.  It’s wise but never condescending.  It’s silly and funny, but it’s also practical.  It is chock full of eclectic references to everything from Nietzsche to sports to Star Wars.  It is accessible but not at the sacrifice of intelligence.  It may be impossible to summarise everything it encompasses, but here is my best shot:

At its core, the book is about the warrior archetype.  Not just about the ubiquitous warriors from tribal cultures and feudal societies, but also those metaphorical warriors who exhibit the same fiery spirit and fearless attitude. Bolelli argues that this isn’t just some abstract mythos to muse over or read about in books.  The samurai you see fighting in the movies more than thrilling entertainment; he’s a hyperbolic manifestation of something that is absolutely critical to human experience.  The book is not saying we should be picking up swords and fighting each other, but that the mythology of the warrior has something to offer us, something valuable that transcends culture and time and class and career and gender.  There is a reason those martial arts movies speak to us, and it isn’t because we find the plot engaging, it’s because there is something about that archetypal figure that speaks to our souls.

Bolelli looks to martial arts as one means to cultivate a personal warrior spirit.  Although it may not always manifest that way in reality, martial arts has for centuries encouraged the essential harmony of body and mind, physical and mental.  There is a river of philosophical introspection and shaping one’s character at the foundation of martial arts. But just as an academic who spends too much time divorced from reality in his studies [oops!], this abstract philosophy isn’t enough by itself. Shaping the mind is nothing if you ignore the body. Martial arts has the ability to take that deep insight and ground it in the physical, and therein lies its uniqueness.  However, the book doesn’t argue this is the only way to do this (in this respect, the book perhaps is a bit more catered to martial artists since they only need to apply the insight to something they are already involved in).

If the first half of the book is extrapolating the warrior mythology into our lives, the second half — save for one personal chapter — is more about injecting it into martial arts .  I suppose that sounds unusual, since you might think that it’s already a given there, but it’s not.  Bolelli discusses the different warrior archetypes we find in mythology and media, from the honourbound Samurai to the lawless mercenary, and the strengths they represent and the flaws they must fight.  The book is critical of the status of martial arts today and the rigidity of many classic schools of fighting. He evaluates the paradigm shift brought on by things like UFC, MMA, or Bruce Lee’s Jeet Kune Do that have started a revolution to allow martial arts to grow and become more dynamic by applying the philosophy of: “take what works, leave what doesn’t.”  For those readers who are unfamiliar with martial arts, don’t feel intimidated.  It does not ever assume knowledge and there is even an entire chapter outlining most of the different schools and styles.

This second half is a little more structured, objective, with more concrete information than the early part of the book. It’s also a little disjointed; I believe the latter half was actually previously published as separate Italian publication(s), and was translated and worked into this book for English readers.  Although the content is still appropriate and a relevant pairing for the first half, and Bolelli is able to tie it into the overall theme, the writing style is a little less relaxed, and is littered with citations that you didn’t previously see a lot of, so you can definitely feel the transition between halves.  I admit to have glanced at other reviews, and some people don’t like the second half.  I did.  It’s good, just different.

The heart of the book is a lesson about the way we approach our lives.  The book is very Taoist, but not in a preachy way (can a Taoist even be preachy?) and a bit Zen Buddhist.  It emphasises the importance of balance.   It’s about forging our paths bravely, being in charge of our destiny without being totally in control, loving peace but charging fearlessly into battle when required.  It’s about living fully: don’t be an athlete that can’t lose herself in a book, and don’t be an scholar that simply thinks of their body as transportation for their brain.  A housewife can be a warrior, a soldier can set aside his rifle and cradle a baby, a fighter can write poetry.

If you’re into martial arts and haven’t read this, you should pick it up immediately.  But don’t be dissuaded if philosophy isn’t your thing, or even if you have no martial arts background (I don’t): this book can be applicable and insightful to anyone.  Our lives are what we make of them, and we owe it to ourselves to instill power and meaning into the experience.

On Amazon: PaperbackKindle

“The Great Influenza”

December 11, 2011 in American History, Biological Science, History, History of Science, Medical Science, Military / Warfare, Modern History, Political, Science, »

The Great Influenza by John M. Barry is a fascinating look at the influenza pandemic that rocked the world in 1918.  This terrifying virus killed between 3-6% of the world’s population between June 1918 and December 1920, and infected almost 30%.  It is a history book, but it is heavy in the science. It is a thoroughly detailed book, providing information and statistics from around the globe during the outbreak, although the book gives the most time to those in the United States.

The perspective of The Great Influenza is primarily one of American citizens and cities and American scientists and doctors.  It is set in the backdrop of the country’s transition to “modern medicine” from the period of home remedies and folk cures.  A large portion of the early book is focused on laying a foundation for the tale of the pandemic by giving a detailed look at American medical history.  I found this section of the book interesting and enjoyed the overlap it had with several books I’d recently read from the same time period, but I can see how one might find it extraneous to the story.

Once you are past the more dry sections of the book, The Great Influenza reads very much like a suspense thriller – because it was.  Pandemics are already scary by nature, and this book is no help to that fear. There are so many levels of concern: From the nature of the lethal virus itself, to the reactions of the politicians who were more worried about worrying people than saving them, to the total ineffectiveness of most measures taken to stop the spread.  The result is fascinating, but chilling.

The book also contained a lot of information that people might not have been aware of.  Just as an example, I always remember being told that the reason the virus killed so many healthy young adults was because it was primarily confined to the military populations for the Great War.  I’m sure others have heard similar things.  While it is true that the War greatly aggravated the spread on many fronts, a major reason why so many young and healthy died is because the virus causes something called cytokine storm which is an overreaction of the immune system.  For this reason, the people with the healthiest immune systems often ended up facing the most lethal symptoms, as their systems went into overdrive and killed them.

The rest of the book is devoted to the scientists and doctors who dedicated their lives during the pandemic to its cause.  Discovering the nature of the virus, its causes, how it was spread, why it was so deadly, and how to stop it was a unifying goal for many of these people.  The Great Influenza tells their individual and collective stories, and discusses the work they did and any insight they were able to shine on the pandemic that was devastating the world.   The book is not just about how the flu impacted the world, but how the world impacted the flu.

Overall, the book is extremely well-researched and covers a huge scope of history, politics, and medical science for many decades.  It is apparent that Barry put in a tireless effort to provide us with a thorough and informative book.  It is absolutely worth reading not just for the story of the 1918 influenza, but also because of the illumination it provides on how the world should (and shouldn’t) handle future pandemics.

 

On Amazon.com: Kindle or in Paperback.

“Bonk”

September 14, 2011 in "PopSci", Biological Science, History of Science, Medical Science, Pop Culture, Science, »

BonkBonk: The Curious Coupling of Science and Sex by Mary Roach is typical of her other books: it’s full of fun, interesting science, and is a little bit of crazy and a lot of hilarity. Having already traveled to the morgue and outer space with Roach, I was more than enthusiastic to follow her into the bedroom.

The book is, obviously, about sex. You will read about genitals and toys and the author having, ahem, relations in an MRI. If that makes you blush, you probably might want to avoid this book. Or, better yet, put another dust jacket on it and read it anyway.

A quick read, Bonk covers a lot of topics but none of them go particularly in-depth. The organisation is more thematic than topic-based, so you might find your anatomy lesson spread out through several chapters rather than all consolidated into a single “About: Genitals” chapter (for my purposes, I’ll cover things more topically). The book doesn’t cover much in the way of sexuality — although it’s obviously relevant and still discussed — it’s more about the act itself.

Being a book focused on the science of sex, the bulk of the book is really about research into the field. We get a lot about the people who really started it all – famous names like the Masters & Johnson partnership and Alfred Kinsey. These researchers not only paved the way for current studies but also provide plenty of weird or amusing anecdotes as a result of being the first to do things in a time when it wasn’t an acceptable area of study.

In addition to learning about research of the past, the studies and tools used now are investigated as well. Roach paints a very enlightening picture of what kind of sex research occurs today and how it’s done. Think internal cameras and imaging machines and all other sorts of awkward means of measurement. Roach interviews people who participant in these studies, as well as taking part in several herself.

Roach of course covers the basic stuff, always clever and peppered with funny stories. The anatomy and the biology behind sex: genitals, hormones, fertility. We get some psychology, gender issues, sexuality as well. She discusses masturbation and sex toys and practices.

Sexual impotence and dysfunction is also a theme within the book. The book also covers sex for people suffering physical handicaps like paralysis. You will read about cutting edge (and eye-widening) surgeries, implants and the doctors that do them, and the doctors who innovate and perform these procedures and the people that get them. You’ll also learn about other wacky ways things things are approached – now and in the past.

The book has plenty of funny, relevant stories, as well. You’ll read about the guy who implanted suckers with goat testicles to increase fertility (the subject of another book I just read, in fact), about pig orgasms, sex monkeys, impotence court trials and porn star crotch licenses. Additionally, Roach uses a ton of footnotes, which are often as good at the text itself – don’t skip them!

While Bonk is not my favourite book of hers — Stiff still holds this title — it is not because this book is lacking so much as the others set a very high bar. It’s a great read and you’ll come away a little more informed and a little more amused.

On Amazon: Paperback and Kindle

“The Disappearing Spoon”

August 4, 2011 in "PopSci", Chemistry, History, History of Science, Science, »

Disappearing SpoonOf the dozens of books I’ve read this year, The Disappearing Spoon: And Other True Tales of Madness, Love, and the History of the World from the Periodic Table of the Elements by Sam Kean is my easily my favourite. It was very fun to read, accessible, and written with a refreshing cleverness that was just the right balance of information and fun. It would be an understatement to say I learned a lot and not hyperbole to say I had a great time doing it.

At it’s core, The Disappearing Spoon is a science history book about chemistry, the periodic table. It feels terribly unfair to reduce the book to something that sounds so dry, but there it is.

Keans introduces us to every element on the periodic table. The goal is obviously to get us to appreciate every single one, so he emphasises what makes it special or interesting. Sometimes we learn how or where it was discovered or by whom, but sometimes it focuses entirely on why it is unique and what it can do. If that element made an impact on our world, physically, culturally, economically… we learn how and why, and we learn to love it in the same way the author does.

The book is not consistent with what we learn for every element — some things get multiple pages while others just a short blurb — but that’s okay because we’re getting the fascinating stuff. Most of the elements get their own time in the spotlight, while a few are discussed along with their close chemical relatives.

This is a hard book to write about without writing too much or too little. It’s hard to choose a few highlights to share without neglecting things that probably deserve attention. But if you want to learn about Tycho Brahe’s prosthetic nose, or how silicon revolutionised computers, about crazy poisons or wild drugs, explosions, Fauste, weapon technology, black holes, people turning blue, homemade nuclear reactors, why Americans drop the ‘i’ from ‘aluminium’, other bizarre stories, this book will have something for you.

I’ve already found myself repeating the amusing anecdotes or information from the book to people. Twice I insisted on reading a passage to someone I know would appreciate a tale within. For a book that is intended to be very limited in scope, you will learn about so much beyond the periodic table. I was just so excited about it that it was impossible not to want to share things; this book will boost your trivia knowledge, but it also might make you the obnoxious know-it-all at parties.

To my chagrin, I was unenthusiastic about reading The Disappearing Spoon initially since a book about the periodic table doesn’t exactly sound like a rip-roaring adventure. Even when I did finally order it, it sat around on my Kindle for six months before I finally gave it a go. It makes me a little sad to admit that if so many people hadn’t raved about it, I never would have read it at all. I am so glad I gave this book a chance, and I hope you will too.

 

On Amazon: Paperback | Hardback | Kindle

Good Books: Africa

June 15, 2011 in Africa, Cultural Studies, History, Military / Warfare, Modern History, Political, »

The following are some impressive books on colonial and post-colonial Africa that I want to give a nod to. Eventually, I may reread the books so I can write the full reviews they deserve but in the meantime I will give them a few words here.

I recommend these phenomenal books with caution and a heavy heart. The following is not light reading. Africa under colonial rule was a very brutal place and today many of the nations emerging from under colonial rule are volatile and steeped in tragedy. Entire governments rise and fall, and stories of wars, rebellions and coups litter our world news, and we hear of genoicide, ethnic cleansing, and other government-sanctioned atrocities. It should be obvious that the following books are not cheerful books. They can be difficult to read. However, I believe it’s important to be aware of these horrors and their causes, because these events are not from the distance past, they have occurred in our lifetime and are still happening. Books like these serve a very critical role in our conscience.

With that out of the way:

Shake Hands With The Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda by Roméo Dallaire

Lieutenant-General Dallaire wrote this book to record his experiences as head of the UN peacekeeping team sent to Rwanda in 1993/94 following Rwanda’s civil war, during the Rwandan Genocide. On the political front, the book gives an insightful look into the events that caused and contributed to these terrible events, and an informative look at all the major players in the unfolding drama. Dallaire slams the ineffectiveness of the UN in Rwanda and all the nations who turned a blind-eye when they had the power to step in and stop the killing of hundreds of thousands but didn’t. The book chronicles not just the events that occurred, but also his personal emotional difficulties as he stood helpless while surrounded by unimaginable atrocities.

This book on Amazon.com

The Devil Came On Horseback: Bearing Witness to the Genocide in Darfur by Brian Steidle

This book focuses on the Darfur situation in Sudan, from the perspective of a former Marine working for the African Union. Steidle’s job was to document and monitor conflicts between the warring Sudanese factions and the government (supposedly under a cease fire agreement). He witnessed many horrible events, often with sufficient evidence to suggest they were supported or ordered by the government, but was forbidden to intervene, unable to do anything other than make notes and take pictures. Following his resignation, Steidle made it his mission to spread the word about the situation in Darfur, going before governments, the UN, doing speaking engagements throughout the world and working with several non-government organisations.

This book on Amazon.com

The Graves Are Not Yet Full: Race, Tribe and Power in the Heart of Africa by Bill Berkeley

This book investigates the causes behind why modern Africa has faced so much political and ethnic turmoil through close looks at Liberia, Rwanda, Congo/Zaire, Sudan and South Africa. Berkeley’s hypothesis — that the tragedies that have occurred are fabricated by the people in power as a form of control — has been controversial as simplistic, but the book is worth the well read whether you arrive at the same conclusion or not. The author does very well to support his assertions with detailed examples and persuasive arguments, leaving his premise, at minimum, thought-provoking and worth considering. The book is extremely thorough (although it does not give equal coverage to all the countries addressed), giving the reader a very clear understanding of how the atrocities in these places unfolded and developed.

This book on Amazon.com

King Leopold’s Ghost by Adam Hochschild

Venturing further into the past, this book is actually about the Congo under colonial rule by King Leopold II of Belgium, beginning with its early exploration until its exploitation under the king’s thumb. The story of the Leopold II and his use of the Congo as a tool for his greed (until it was eventually wrestled from his claws by the Belgian government) is intriguing. The book is a graphic and disturbing look at what life was like under Colonial rule and harshly criticised those who have implied otherwise (both in the past and even today). Not all depressing, the book also talks about the people who brought devoted their lives and called attention to the issues in an effort to end the terrible exploitation.

This Book on Amazon.com

We Wish To Tell You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed Along With Our Families by Philip Gourevitch

This book takes a close look at the genocide in Rwanda. It is a different approach than that seen in Dallaire’s book, written by a journalist after the genocide and based heavily on interviews with survivors (both victim and perpetrator). It includes the story of hotel manager Paul Rusesabagina that was later made into the film Hotel Rwanda, but also the previously untold stories of many other Rwandans. It is a gruesome but valuable picture of the events, and the circumstances and political powers that caused and perpetuated such evil.

This book on Amazon.com

In The Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz by Michela Wrong

Although this book begins with coverage of the Congo as early as King Leopold II as it set the stage, the book is about Mobutu Sese Seko’s presidency over Zaire following the assassination of Patrice Lumumba. Mobutu is well known for his corruption and excesses, living in ridiculous palaces and pocketing billions of dollars in foreign money while his country — rich in resources — lived in stunning poverty, death & disease and in terror of its government. The book is an intriguing look at Mobutu as a man and a leader, and how he was able to pull off such shocking things. For all his flaws and evils, Mobutu was charismatic, a keen politician and absolutely fascinating. Wrong attempts to make sense of why such a man was able to utterly destroy his own people and country over the course of decades while simultaneously being much loved (and financed!) by the West.

This book on Amazon.com

The first three books were also made into documentaries. I have seen both Shakes Hands With the Devil and Devil Came on Horseback; both were very good but inferior to their written counterparts. Shake Hands was much more personal, focusing heavily on the psychological impact on Dallaire. Devil Came on Horseback was solid but felt abridged compared to the book. I have not seen the film King Leopold’s Ghost.

* On a final note, I want to add a disclaimer. My use of any positive adjectives to describe these books refers to the writing style, the readability, and the insightfulness of the information contained within. It is dangerous ground to call a book about genocide “wonderful” and I have tried to carefully word my praise for the books to not sound callous.

Good Books: on Richard Feynman

May 20, 2011 in "PopSci", American History, Autobiography, Biography, History, History of Science, Memoirs, Modern History, Physics, Science, Technology, »

Surely You're Joking Mr. FeynmanI’m going to break my standard format here and talk about two books in the same entry: Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feynman! and What Do You Care What Other People Think? They are both collections of autobiographical stories and accounts from famed physicist Richard Feynman’s life. I’m combining discussion of these because they are both very similar books and fit well together in a single entry.

Both books attribute Feynman as the author, however, these are not typical memoirs. Both are a collection of miscellaneous stories from Feynman’s life, some long and some short, some of them serious and some of them amusing anecdotes. Much of these were transcribed from verbal stories and interviews he gave with friends that were edited and assembled into book format. Photos, drawings and letters are also included in the latter book. I have seen What Do You Care listed as a sequel to Surely You’re Joking, although the content is not actually sequential. However, both books cover different topics and events, so if you only read one or the other, you’ll miss out.

Rather than give a detailed outline of all the very specific stories told within each book, I think it’s more insightful if I give a general description of the man they’re about.

Most of the world knows of Richard Feynman as a very famous scientist in the 20th century. They might also know of his famed “Feynman Diagrams,” or his general work in quantum physics, or that he won the Nobel Prize, that he worked on the Manhattan Project, that he helped develop the use of IBM punchcards for computers, or that he was part of the team that discovered the cause of the Challenger explosion. However, just being smart or famous or influential doesn’t necessarily make you interesting. I’m sure there are lots of scientists and scholars who have done amazing work and published great things, but are not people you want to read about.

Richard Feynman is not one of those people. He was not only extremely influential but also a completely fascinating and (pardon the lack of eloquence) totally awesome as a man, someone I have admired for a long time. He was far more than just a scientist and to describe him solely as that feels like selling him short. He had eclectic interests in other fields: from biology to bongos. He fixed radios as a very young child and played with chemistry. As an adult, he was a prankster and a playful troublemaker. He did amateur safecracking and lockpicking, he wrote and deciphered codes. He dabbled in art, biology and other fields. He did crazy experiments with ant pheromones and obsessed over puzzles and finding answers. He crept into the desert at night and danced with local American Indians. When he taught in Brazil, he played the frigideira in a samba group. At Caltech, he used to use a strip club as his personal office, and testified on their behalf when the city tried to shut them down. In short, he was not a very typical guy.

What Do You Care What Other People Think?If you read accounts from his students, you will hear about what a fabulous teacher he was. Person after person after person says the same things about him: he was so excited about the topic that it made you excited, too. He was inspiring. He made even the most complex things understandable and was well renowned for this ability. He told fabulous stories. He was a great man.

I mention all of these different things because they will give you a better perspective of what these books are about more than anything else I could write. Yes, the critical events of his life are here and yes, you will read about him working on the atomic bomb, about winning the Nobel Prize, about the faulty o-rings on the Challenger shuttle. You will also read many personal stories from his life and about his work, funny and sad and dramatic. But these events are just the backdrop: the more wonderful aspect of these two books is the showcase of the man himself: his personality. The book paints a picture of a man who has a compelling need to solve puzzles, try new things, make discoveries, face challenges, find answers. They portray him doing things with a passionate enthusiasm and charming sense of humour. You understand exactly what those students meant; you become excited about things because he is excited about those things. His drive is contagious.

What ultimately results from all this is an autobiographical account that is far more insightful than a book that simply provides a timeline of events. It might not inspire the same excitement as sitting in on one of his famed “freshman lectures” but I think readers will find Richard Feynman to be as compelling and admirable as he has been described to be.

Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feyman! in paperback / kindle
What Do You Care What Other People Think? in paperback / kindle